Bamboo charcoal mediated plant secondary metabolites biosynthesis in tomato against South American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta)

Introduction The south American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta), an invasive insect pest species, has established itself in more than 33 Chinese prefectures, where it is mainly damaging crops. Immediate efforts have been initiated to find strategies control this pest. Studies shown that biochar (BC) amendment soil can enhance plant growth and resistance herbivory. Methods First, we quantified the morphological performance of plants grown different coconut bran bamboo charcoal (v/v) combinations selected most beneficial one. Then checked T. absoluta survival on combination. Finally, studied leaf metabolite accumulation gene expression changes after growing Results We found 30:1 ratio as its increased height, stem thickness, chlorophyll content, whereas, decreased. metabolome profiles BC leaves showed flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids compared CK. Transcriptome sequencing resulted identification 244 differentially expressed genes. Most upregulated genes were associated with stress-related hub proteins, flavonoid biosynthesis, MAPK phytohormone signaling, terpenoid biosynthesis. Additionally, many related signaling defense was changed response amendment. Discussion conclude induces biosynthesis acids, which improve tolerance against , thus reducing destructive pests.